Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) says over 264 million people suffer from depression. This includes people of all ages and is a global problem.
3 in 10 adults (29%) have had depression. About 18% are currently depressed. This is from a 2023 national survey. Women are more likely than men to have depression. Younger adults are more likely than older adults to have it. While depression can occur at any time and any age, on average it can first appear during one’s late teens to mid-20s.
What is depression?
Depression is a mental disorder. Ongoing sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest mark it. It goes beyond normal sadness or temporary emotions from hard situations. Depression is complex. Many factors, both biological and environmental, influence it.
Depression can affect how you think, feel, and handle daily activities. It can hinder your ability to function and keep relationships. Depression can have profound effects on individuals’ mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Also, depression increases the risk of other health problems. It is a big factor for suicide.
Depression makes people think about themselves and the world. So, some may also have thoughts of suicide or self-harm.
Depression can look different in men and women. People of all genders can feel depressed. But, how they show symptoms and cope may differ. For example, men (and women) may show symptoms other than sadness. They may seem angry or irritable. Using more alcohol or drugs can be a sign of depression in anyone. But, men are more likely to use these substances to cope.
What are the common reasons for depression?
The reasons for depression vary by person and factors. But, research and experience have found several common themes.
- Genetic Factors
- Psychological Factors
- Social and Environmental Factors
- Chronic illness or pain
- Brain Chemistry and Neurotransmitter Imbalances
- Social isolation and loneliness
- Substance Abuse
- Low Self-Esteem and Negative Thinking Patterns
- Traumatic Life Events
Genetic Factors
A family history of depression or mood disorders can increase one’s risk. It can make one more susceptible to developing depression. Genetic predispositions can influence neurotransmitter function and the brain’s response to stress.
Psychological Factors
Past trauma, like abuse, neglect, or big losses, can cause depression. Also, certain personality traits can increase vulnerability to depression. These traits include low self-esteem and a tendency towards negative thinking.
Environmental Factors
Hard events can trigger depression. These include the loss of a loved one, divorce, money troubles, job loss, or chronic illness. Living in a stressful or unsupportive environment can lead to depression. So can social isolation or lack of access to resources.
Social Factors
Problems with relationships, social isolation, and conflicts with family, friends, or colleagues can make you sad. Social support networks can play a significant role in protecting against depression.
Chronic illness or pain
Chronic illness or persistent pain can impact mood. They can also lead to depression.
Brain Chemistry and Neurotransmitter Imbalances
Levels of neurotransmitters, like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, can change. This can affect mood regulation. Imbalances in these chemicals are often associated with depression.
Social isolation and loneliness
Lack of social support can lead to depression. This can be due to feelings of loneliness or social isolation. Humans are social creatures. Meaningful connections with others are essential for mental and emotional well-being.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal levels change during puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. These changes can affect mood and raise depression risk in vulnerable people.
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse, including alcohol, drugs, or prescription medications, can make depression worse. It can also cause depression. Substance abuse can disrupt brain chemistry and increase feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
Low Self-Esteem and Negative Thinking Patterns
People’s low self-esteem and distorted thinking can lead to negative beliefs about themselves. These can cause feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and despair. These feelings are common in depression.
Traumatic Life Events
Trauma, such as physical or emotional abuse, can cause depression. It can come from the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a big life change like divorce or job loss. Traumatic events can disrupt a person’s sense of safety, stability, and emotional well-being.
Depression is often caused by a mix of these factors. It’s not one cause. Growing older should never involve accepting depression as a normal part of life. Unfortunately, depression often goes undiagnosed and untreated in older adults. They may feel reluctant to seek help.
Beating depression needs a full plan. It must address the causes and symptoms. Here are some strategies that may help:
- Seek Professional Help
- Medication
- Therapy
- Lifestyle Changes
- Social Support
- Set Realistic Goals
- Engage in Activities You Enjoy
- Practice Acceptance and Mindfulness
- Stay Connected
- Practice Self-Care
Seek Professional Help
Start by asking a mental health professional. This could be a therapist, counselor, or psychiatrist. They can diagnose. They can offer personalized treatment advice. They can support you through recovery.
Medication
For moderate to severe depression, a doctor may prescribe antidepressant medications. These medications can help rebalance neurotransmitters in the brain and ease depressive symptoms. It’s essential to work with a doctor to find the right medication and dosage for you.
Therapy
Various types of therapy, like CBT, IPT, or psychodynamic therapy, can treat depression. They work well. Therapy can help you find and challenge negative thoughts. You can also learn coping skills and improve communication. It can help you with relationships too. And, it can help you find healthier ways to cope with stress.
Lifestyle Changes
Adopting healthy habits, like regular exercise and balanced nutrition, can support well-being. They can also help reduce depression symptoms. Good sleep and stress management are also key.
Social Support
Be with supportive people. They uplift you and give you encouragement in hard times. Limit exposure to negative influences or toxic relationships that exacerbate your depression.
Set Realistic Goals
Break tasks into smaller, manageable steps and set achievable goals for yourself. Celebrate your accomplishments, no matter how small they may seem
Engage in Activities You Enjoy
Even when you don’t feel like it, try to do things that used to bring you joy or a sense of achievement. This might include hobbies, volunteering, or creative outlets.
Practice Acceptance and Mindfulness
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and mindfulness can help you learn skills. You can use them to cope with distressing thoughts and emotions. Live in the present. Accept things as they are. This reduces the impact of negative thoughts.
Stay Connected
Maintain relationships with friends and family members who can offer support and understanding. Avoid isolating yourself, even though it might feel tempting.
Practice Self-Care
Take care of your physical and emotional well-being. Do this by getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising often. Also, do this by doing things you enjoy.
In conclusion, depression is complex and hard. It can affect every part of a person’s life. Depression is a medical illness. It needs professional treatment and support. Overcoming depression may seem hard. But, it is possible with the right mix of strategies and resources.
Those with depression must ask for help. They also need to know they are not alone. Seeking support from mental health professionals is vital. So is seeking it from friends and family members. It’s a key step towards healing. With patience, perseverance, and the right support, individuals can find hope. They can reclaim their lives from the grip of depression.